Interference of DEHP on the key genes of glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of di-( 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate( DEHP) on the expression of the key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,and explore the toxicity of DEHP on the glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells cultured in vitro. METHODS: HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into DEHP exposure group and control group. The exposure group was exposed to DEHP with different final concentrations( 5,10,50,100,500 and1 000 μmol / L),and the control group was exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide of corresponding concentrations. After 24 hours of DEHP exposure,real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction( Q-PCR) was applied to detect the level of mRNA transcription of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α( PPARα), which is an endogenous marker indicating the success of DEHP exposure. In addition,the level of mRNA transcription of key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism were also measured by Q-PCR,including glucose-6-phosphatase( G-6-Pase),phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase( PEPCK),stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1( SCD1),fatty acid synthase,sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1c and acetyl Co A carboxylase 1. P ≤0. 008 was considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: After DEHP exposure,the mRNA transcription level of PPARα was significantly elevated in all exposure groups( P < 0. 008)except for 5 μmol / L DEHP exposure group,which indicated the successful establishment of DEHP exposure model. The mRNA transcription level of G-6-Pase was significantly increased in 100 and 500 μmol / L DEHP exposure groups( P ≤0. 008) when compared with the controls; the PEPCK mRNA transcription level of showed no significant differences between the 6 DEHP exposure groups and their corresponding control groups( P > 0. 008). The mRNA transcription level of SCD1 was significantly down-regulated in 100 μmol / L DEHP exposure group( P < 0. 008) when compared with its control. The mRNA transcription level of other key genes involved in the lipid metabolism were not significantly altered after DEHP exposure( P > 0. 008). CONCLUSION: The effect of DEHP on glucose metabolism was mainly manifested by promoting G-6-Pase gene expression,which is the rate-limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis. The effect of DEHP on the lipid metabolism of HepG2 cells was limited.

Memory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus correlates with reduced hippocampal CA1 and subiculum volumes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Little attention has been paid to the role of subcortical deep gray matter (SDGM) structures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced cognitive impairment, especially hippocampal subfields. Our aims were to assess the in vivo volumes of SDGM structures and hippocampal subfields using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to test their associations with cognitive performance in T2DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 T2DM patients and 80 neurologically unimpaired healthy controls matched by age, sex and education level was enrolled in this study. We assessed the volumes of the SDGM structures and seven hippocampal subfields on MRI using a novel technique that enabled automated volumetry. We used Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores as measures of cognitive performance. The association of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with SDGM structures and neuropsychological tests and correlations between hippocampal subfields and neuropsychological tests were assessed by partial correlation analysis in T2DM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bilaterally, the hippocampal volumes were smaller in T2DM patients, mainly in the CA1 and subiculum subfields. Partial correlation analysis showed that the MoCA scores, particularly those regarding delayed memory, were significantly positively correlated with reduced hippocampal CA1 and subiculum volumes in T2DM patients. Additionally, higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among T2DM patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These data indicate that the hippocampus might be the main affected region among the SDGM structures in T2DM. These structural changes in the hippocampal CA1 and subiculum areas might be at the core of underlying neurobiological mechanisms of hippocampal dysfunction, suggesting that degeneration in these regions could be responsible for memory impairments in T2DM patients.</p>

3, 4- dinitro-furazan-based oxidation furazan acute and subchronic toxicity studies / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the 3, 4- dinitro-furazan-based oxidation furazan (DNTF) of sub-acute toxicity and chronic toxicity, to determine the acute toxicity classification DNTF, the nature of toxic effects and major target organ for the development provide the basis for occupational exposure limits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>( 1) Acute toxicity: The oral gavage method once infected, symptoms of poisoning of animals observed to calculate the LD50DNTF and 95% confidence limits. ( 2) sub-chronic experiment: selection of 96 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, doses of 25, 56.2, 125 mg/kg and the negative control group, Exposure for ninety days,five days a week, once a day, The rats were killed at end of Exposure, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain,testis, uterus were taken to observe the pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>( 1) Acute oral toxicity test results indicate that DNTF rat oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, DNTF mice treated by oral LD50 4589 mg/kg, 95%confidence limit for the 4026-5230 mg/kg, Acute toxicity grade level is low toxicity compounds. (2) Sub-chronic toxicity experiment, the high-dose male rats, high, medium and low-dose group female rats weight gain than the negative control group, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).125 mg/kg of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase was significantly higher. 125 mg/kg dose groups, liver, kidney, lung, testicular factor was significantly higher. Liver, kidney, lung histological examination showed obvious morphological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acute toxicity grade DNTF low toxicity level compounds, target organ toxicity of liver, kidney and lung.</p>

A coal mine and coal preparation plant coal dust workplace present situation investigation and analysis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through a detection of dust in the coal mines workplace, to understand the status of occupational hazards, and the evaluation of occupational hazards, provide subject to control occupational hazards.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to production process and "hazardous substances in workplace air monitoring, sampling norms" and other standards to determine the sampling points and sampling of coal dust.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Underground mining operations in 21 subjects with time-weighted average concentration of dust types pass rate of 28.6%, of which five types of dust hazard grade II, six types of dust hazard rating of 0, and the remaining types of grade I dust hazard levels. Coal dust test six types of time-weighted average concentration of 83.3% pass rate, only one types of dust hazard grade I, all the rest is 0. Calculated by the detection of dust overrun 18 times operating sites, the pass rate of 72.2% results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Purified water spray and air flow curtain of dust control has played a certain role, but the work of underground working conditions and environmental constraints, most of the dust concentration in workplace occupational exposure limits do not meet the requirements, recommended the strengthening of dust or Dust the daily management and maintenance of equipment, strengthen the ventilation, personal protection officers to strengthen operations.</p>

Study on acute and subchronic toxicity of ammonium dinitramide / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the acute, subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by ammonium dinitramide (ADN), and to ascertain the gradation and target organs of acute toxicity induced by AND.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals, the oral tests for acute, subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by AND were performed for 90 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The oral LDx for mouse and rat was 568.9 mg/kg and 616.6 mg/kg ADN respectively. The gradation of acute toxicity induced by AND was low level. The results of oral subacute and subchronic toxicity tests (for 28 and 90 days) showed that a gain in weight in group exposed to 123 mg/kg AND was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the TBIL and ALT in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND significantly increased and the ratio of liver weight to body weight obviously decreased, as compared with control group, the number of animals with hepatic pathological changes in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gradation of acute toxicity induced by ADN was low level. When the exposure dose of AND was 30.8 mg/kg, the adverse effect was not observed, and the target organ was liver.</p>

Study on mutagenicity and teratogenicity of ammonium dinitramide / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by ammonium dinitramide(ADN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals, Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames assay), in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, sperm malformation test and teratogenesis test were used to detect the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by AND.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the exposure doses of AND were 8-5000 pg/plate, the result of Ames assay was negative. As compared with control group, the micronucleus rate of mice exposed to 113.8 mg/kg AND significantly increased(P<0.05), the sperm malformation rates of mice exposed to 54.4-272.0 mg/kg AND did not increased significantly. The survival rate of fetuses decreased, the rate of assimilated fetuses increased, the rate of fetus sternum agenesis enhanced in mice exposed to 319 mg/kg AND, as compared with controls. The rates of in the 4th-6th fetus sternum agenesis in groups exposed to 21.3, 79.7 and 319 mg/kg AND were higher than that in control group. The malformation rate of fetus bowels in groups exposed to 319 mg/kg AND was higher than that in control group. The teratogenic index of ADN was 30.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AND may be a mutagen and induce the teratogenic effect.</p>

Correlation analysis between the expression of aquaporin 4 and magnetic resonance imaging of brain tissue in severely scalded rabbit with brain edema during early stage / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe expression pattern of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in brain tissue of severely scalded rabbit during early stage of brain edema and its relationship with signal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to explore the feature of water transmembrane transportation in brain edema at early stage after severe scald.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control group (C, n = 5) and scald group (S, n = 30) according to the random number table. Rabbits in S group were inflicted with 50% TBSA full-thickness scald with brain edema (confirmed by histopathologic examination). At post scald hour (PSH) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, signal change in cerebral MRI, as well as dynamic change in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were examined in rabbits of S group. Specimens were harvested from frontal cortex, parietal cortex, temporal lobe cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in rabbits of S group for determination of protein and gene expressions of AQP4 with immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR. Above-mentioned indexes were also determined in C group. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and linear correlation analysis (between protein expression of AQP4 and ADC value).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant change in image signal of MRI at each time point in S group as compared with that in C group, including T1WI, T2WI, and DWI. Compared with those in C group, ADC in S group at PSH 4, 5, and 6 were significantly decreased (with F values from 0.492 to 2.271, P values all below 0.05). The expression of AQP4 protein in each part of brain tissue in S group was obviously increased at PSH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 as compared with those in C group (from 0.164 ± 0.022 to 0.247 ± 0.018), and it peaked at PSH 3 or 4 (from 0.237 ± 0.042 to 0.306 ± 0.026), with F values from 2.420 to 11.439, P values all below 0.05. The expressions of AQP4 protein were similar in brain tissue of all regions, and they were negatively correlated with corresponding ADC values (with r values from -0.489 to -0.337, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with that in C group, the expression of AQP4 mRNA in each part of brain tissue in S group was obviously increased at each time point, and it reached the peak at PSH 2 (with F values from 39.992 to 238.584, P values all below 0.05). The expressions of AQP4 mRNA were similar in all brain tissue regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Brain edema within 6 hours after severe scald was mainly characterized by cytotoxicity, in which AQP4 may play an important role. ADC value may have important reference value for non-invasive and convenient assessment of development of brain edema.</p>

The relationship between the degradation of actin and the postmortem interval in rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the degradation of actin in cardiac muscle, brain and skeletal muscle of rats after death and to find an objective parameter interval (PMI) estimation.@*METHODS@#Twenty eight clear Sprague Dawley rats put into an artificial climate incubator (set at 20 degrees C) for 0, 24, 48, 72, The actin contents in the above tissues were quantitated by Western-blot Pro Plus 5.0 image analysis system, and were then statistically analyzed@*RESULTS@#Actin content in all these tissues decreased gradually with prolonged differences between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), with fastest, then the lung, the spleen, the liver, the kidney, the cardiac muscle order. There was a strong correlation between actin degradation and determination (R2) exceeded 0.75 in all these tissues.@*CONCLUSION@#degradation, the actin contents in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, lung, kindey, rats decreased gradually with prolonged PMI, which may potentially be PMI estimation.

A randomized controlled trial of postoperative artificial nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the potential benefits of postoperative nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 646 malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer defined by the subjective global assessment (SGA) were randomly divided into parenteral nutrition group (n=215), enteral nutrition group (n=215) and conventional group (n=216). Two nutritional regimens were designed to be isocaloric 125.5 kJ(30 kcal).kg(-1).d(-1) and isonitrogenous 0.25 g.kg(-1).d(-1) for 7 postoperative days. Conventional group did not receive artificial nutrition before and after surgery. Postoperative complications, mortality and postoperative length of hospital stay were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All baseline and surgical characteristics were comparable among 3 groups. Overall postoperative mortality was 1.5%, and no difference was observed among 3 groups. Postoperative complications occurred in 61(28.4%) patients in enteral nutrition group, 72(33.5%) in parenteral nutrition group, and 97 (44.9%) in conventional group (P=0.000 vs enteral nutrition group; P=0.001 vs parenteral nutrition group). Postoperative length of hospital stay was (9.8+/-3.4) d in enteral nutrition group, (11.2+/-5.0) d in parenteral nutrition group, and (14.5+/-7.1) d in conventional group (P=0.001 vs enteral nutrition group; P=0.003 vs parenteral nutrition group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative artificial nutrition support is beneficial to the malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer, which improves postoperative outcome. Early enteral nutrition significantly reduces the infectious complication rate and length of postoperative hospital stay as compared with parenteral nutrition.</p>

Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and ALDH2 on the Relationship between the Levels of Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and t,t-Muconic Acid / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the oxidative genetic damage caused by benzene exposure in workers. METHODS: We measured urinary t,t-muconic acid levels as a biomarker for benzene exposure and measured the level of urinary 8-OHdG to assess oxidative DNA damage in benzene-exposed healthy male workers. Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 were determined by TaqMan assay. We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients between urinary t,t-muconic acid and 8-OHdG according to the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and ALDH2. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between urinary t,t-muconic acid and 8-OHdG concentrations in overall subjects (R=0.532, p<0.001). Smokers showed a higher correlation coefficient between the markers than nonsmokers did (R=0.520 vs. 0.010). Individuals with CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype also showed a higher correlation coefficient between them than those with CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2 genotypes (R=0.670 vs. -0.145). In multiple linear regression analysis including smoking status, sorbic acid intake, age and genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and ALDH2 as the independent variables, urinary t,t-muconic acid showed a significant association with urinary 8-OHdG. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG and urinary t,t-muconic acid in benzene-exposed workers. This relationship was affected by genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1and ALDH2.

Experiment and mechanism investigation on advanced reburning for NO(x) reduction: influence of CO and temperature / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Pulverized coal reburning, ammonia injection and advanced reburning in a pilot scale drop tube furnace were investigated. Premix of petroleum gas, air and NH3 were burned in a porous gas burner to generate the needed flue gas. Four kinds of pulverized coal were fed as reburning fuel at constant rate of 1g/min. The coal reburning process parameters including 15% approximately 25% reburn heat input, temperature range from 1100 degrees C to 1400 degrees C and also the carbon in fly ash, coal fineness, reburn zone stoichiometric ratio, etc. were investigated. On the condition of 25% reburn heat input, maximum of 47% NO reduction with Yanzhou coal was obtained by pure coal reburning. Optimal temperature for reburning is about 1300 degrees C and fuel-rich stoichiometric ratio is essential; coal fineness can slightly enhance the reburning ability. The temperature window for ammonia injection is about 700 degrees C approximately 1100 degrees C. CO can improve the NH3 ability at lower temperature. During advanced reburning, 72.9% NO reduction was measured. To achieve more than 70% NO reduction, Selective Non-catalytic NO(x) Reduction (SNCR) should need NH3/NO stoichiometric ratio larger than 5, while advanced reburning only uses common dose of ammonia as in conventional SNCR technology. Mechanism study shows the oxidization of CO can improve the decomposition of H2O, which will rich the radical pools igniting the whole reactions at lower temperatures.